Bentuk Kalimat Imbuhan /ed Di Akhir Kalimat Bahasa Inggris

 

B.     Adding a syliable. Answer the following question using the past tenses of the verb followed by to and another verb. Do not realese the /t/ or /d/ before to, but say the sequence /tt/ or /dt/ together (need to / ‘nidtǝ/, needed to /’niddItǝ/).

1.      When did he need to come?

      (He needed to (/’niddItǝ/) to come yesterday.)

2.      What did she want to do?

      (She wanted to (/’wǝntIdtǝ) experiment last week.)

3.      Where did they decide to go?

      (They decided to (/’di’saidIdtǝ/) Ancol this morning.)

4.      What did she start to do?

      (She started to (/’starttǝ/) survey for a place last week.)

5.      When did he expect to be there?

      (He expected to (/’ek’spektIdtǝ/) to be there yesterday.)

6.      When did they intend to arrive?

      (They intended to (/’in’tendIdtǝ/) arrive last night.)

7.      When did you start to learn English?

      (I started to (/’starttǝ/)  learn English when I age seven years old.)

8.      Why did you want to come to the United States?

      (I wanted to (/’wǝntIdtǝ) to come to the United States holiday with my family last night.)

9.      When did you decide to come here?

      (I decided to (/’di’saidIdtǝ/) come here this night.)

10.  When did you need to apply for visa?

      (I needed to (/’niddIdtǝ/) for visa when I get scholarship in the Boston University.)

11.  What did you hate to do when you were a child?

      (I hated to (/’heittǝ/) when I were a child.)

C.     Adding a Syllable. Answer the following questions the pas tense of the verb. Don’t drop medial /t/ : started doesn’t sound the same as starred.

1.      When did you start looking for an apartement?

      (I started (/t) looking for an apartement last week.)

2.      What did you advisor suggest doing?

      (My advisor suggested (/t/) doing I investment securities.)

3.      What did your end up telling your advisor?

      (I ended (/Id/) up telling how about a good investment to my advisor.)

4.      How did your roommate first treat you?

      (My roommate first treated (/t) a good person.)

5.      Who did you visit over the weekend?

      (I visited (/Id/) to village my brother and my sister over the weekend.)

6.      How did you mother sound over the phone?

      (My mother sound overed (/d) push button switch the phone.)

7.      How many times did your teacher repeat the instructions?

      (My teacher repeated (/Id/) the instructions ten minutes.)

8.      Who did the teacher point at?

      (The teacher pointed (/Id/) at Mr. Andi)

9.      What did you avoid doing over the weekend?

      (I avoided (/Id/) work doing over the weekend)

10.  How long did you attend high school?

      (I attended (/Id/) high school three years ago.)

D.    Linking onto Vowels. Answer the following questions using the past tense of the verb and be sure to link the final /t/ or /d/ to the following word. Remember that /h/ in him and her is silent  when the pronoun is linked to the preceding word.

1.      What did you talk about last night?

      (I talked (/t/) about film action last night.)

2.      Who did the class laugh at?

      (The class laughed (/t/) at him.)

3.      Who did the teacher stare at angrily?

      (The teacher stared (/d/) at angrily her.)

4.      Which room did you walk into by mistake?

      (I walked (/t/) into room empty by mistake.)

5.      Why did the teacher turn around?

      (The teacher turned (/d/) around by car.)

6.      When did he ask her out?

      (He asked (/t/) her out yesterday)

7.      Who did you introduce him to?

      (I introduce (/t/) him to Andi.)

8.      What sport did you play in high school?

      (I played (/d/) sport football in high school.)

9.      When did you hel your roommate?

      (I helped (/t/) my roommate last night.)

10.  When did your father marry your mother?

      (My father marryed (/d/) my mother last years.)

F.      Change the  following verb to the past tense. Write /Id/ (extra syllable), /t/, or /d/ to show how to  pronounce the past tense <ed> ending. (Optional: put each word in a short sentence).

1.      Opened (/d/)

2.      Refused (/d/)

3.      Attended (/Id/)

4.      Climbed (/d/)

5.      Persuade (/d/)

6.      Preferred (/d/)

7.      Hurried (/d/)

8.      Charge (/d/)

9.      Arrived (/d/)

10.  Lasted (/t/)

11.  Correct (/Id/)

12.  Relaxed (/t/)

13.  Hopped (/t/)

14.  Enjoyed (/Id/)

15.  Related (/d/)

16.  Remembered (/d/)

17.  Controled (/d/)

18.  Ased (/d/)

19.  Pretended (/Id/)

20.  Died (/d/)

21.  Shouted (/t/)

22.  Watched (/t/)

23.  Explained (/d/)

24.  Sewed (/d/)

25.  Sliped (/t/)

26.  Exchanged (/d/)

27.  Reminded (/Id/)

28.  Huged (/d/)

Sumber : 

Echols, John M and Shadily, Hassan. Kamus Inggris - Indonesia.Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

TENSES

1.        Simple Present Tenses

Walaupun Present artinya sekarang tetapi hal ini jangan ditapsirkan bahwa tindakan tersebut dilakukan pada saat ini. Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran yang hakiki. Karena sering menyangkut kejadian diwaktu lamapu, sekarang dan akan datang, Tenses ini paling sedikit mempunyai keterangan waktu tertentu.

Kalimat-kalimat bahasa inggris umumnya harus mempunyai subject(s) dan predicate(p). karena itu semua Tenses akan dipormulasi seperti itu.

Rumus:

+) Subject + to be + verb I + Main verb

+) Subject + verbI +(s/es)

Contoh :

(+)  he is handsome

(?)  is he handsome?

 (-) he is not handsome

2.        Present Continuous Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini. Kalimat-kalimat dalam Tenses ini lebih sering dipakai dari pada present Tenses.

Rumus:

subject + to be (is, am, are) + kata kerja + ing

Tense ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan tentang:

• Kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang, atau

• Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan dating

Contoh :

+) She is cooking in the kitchen.

-) She is not cooking in the kitchen

?) is she cooking in the kitchen?

3.        Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

subject + have + past participle (Kata Kerja Bentuk ke-3)

Tense ini digunakan untuk:

• Pengalaman

• Perubahan

• Situasi Yang berkelanjutan

Atau untuk menunjukan suatu peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat (baru selesai)

contoh kalimatnya berikut ini:

+) they have met me

?) have they met me?

-) they have not met me

4.        Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

subject + have / has + been + K.Kerja + ing

Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk menjelaskan:

• Satu kejadian/kegiatan yang baru saja berlangsung

• Satu perbuatan yang berlangsung hingga sekarang (pada saat bicara masih terjadi)

Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut:

+) They have been playing football

-) They have not been playing football

?) have they been playing football?

5.        Simple Past Tense

Rumus Kalimat Positif:

subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 2

Rumus Kalimat Negatif :

subject + did + not + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Rumus Kalimat Tanya:

Did + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they).

Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut:

+) They were student last year

-) they were not student last year

?) were they student last year?

6.        Past Continuous Tense

Rumus:

subject + was, were + Kata Kerja + ing

Kapan kita menggunakan Tense ini?

Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau kejadian pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh:

+)We were joking.

-) We were not joking

?) Were we joking?

7.        Past Perfect Tense

Rumus:

had + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 3

Kapan kita menggunakan Past Perfect Tense?

Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan di masa lalu sebelum tindakan lain terjadi, namun kejadiannya di masa lampau.

Contoh :

+) I had listen the radio when you come here

8.        Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

subject + had + been + Kata Kerja + ing

Kapan Kita menggunakan Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

Tense ini sama pemakaiannya dengan Past Perfect Tense, namun mengekspresikan tindakan-tindakan yang lebih lama di masa lampau sebelum tindakan lain terjadi.

Contoh :

+) She had been helping me when they went to scool

9.        Simple Future Tense

Rumus:

subject + WILL/SHALL + Kata Kerja Bentuk I

Kapan kita mengunakan Simple Future Tense?

a. Tidak Ada Rencana Sebelumnya atau Menyatakan perbuatan/kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang

contoh :

• Hold on. I‘ll get a pen.

b. Prediksi

Contoh:

• It will rain tomorrow.

KALIMAT NON-VERBAL

Ketika predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka gunakan be untuk menggantikan kata kerja tersebut.

Contoh:

• I‘ll be in London tomorrow.

Catatan:

Ketika kita mempunyai rencana atau keinginan untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan di masa yang akan datang, maka gunakan be going to atau Present Continuous Tense untuk menggantikan will/shall.

10.    Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:

subject + WILL + BE + Kata Kerja + ing

Kapan kita menggunakan Future Continuous Tense?

Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Contoh:

+) He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow

11.    Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

subject + WILL + HAVE + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 3

Kapan Kita Menggunakan Future Perfect Tense?

Tense ini kita pakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi.

Contoh:

They will be tired when they arrive.

12.    Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

Subject + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Kata Kerja I + ing

Kapan kita memakai Future Perfect Continuous Tense?

Kita menggunakan Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang suatu tindakan/kegiatan yang panjang sebelum beberapa saat di masa yang akan datang.

Contoh:

• He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.

13.    Past Future Tense

Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang akan terjadi diwaktu lampau

Rumus:

subject + WOULD + Kata Kerja Bentuk I

Contoh :

She would not be at school tomorrow.